表面示例#
在小部件应用程序中使用 Q3DSurface。
表面示例展示了如何使用 Q3DSurface 创建一个简单的 3D 表面图，并结合使用小部件来调整多个可调整属性。本示例演示以下功能
如何设置一个支持 numpy 数组的 QItemModelSurfaceDataProxy。
如何使用 QHeightMapSurfaceDataProxy 显示 3D 高度图。
三种不同的选择模式用于研究图表。
使用轴范围来显示图表的所选部分。
更改主题。
如何设置自定义表面渐变。
有关如何与图表交互的说明，请参阅此页面。
# Copyright (C) 2022 The Qt Company Ltd.
# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR BSD-3-Clause
import sys
from PySide6.QtCore import QSize, Qt
from PySide6.QtDataVisualization import Q3DSurface
from PySide6.QtGui import QBrush, QIcon, QLinearGradient, QPainter, QPixmap
from PySide6.QtWidgets import (QApplication, QComboBox, QGroupBox, QHBoxLayout,
QLabel, QMessageBox, QPushButton, QRadioButton,
QSizePolicy, QSlider, QVBoxLayout, QWidget)
from surfacegraph import SurfaceGraph
THEMES = ["Qt", "Primary Colors", "Digia", "Stone Moss", "Army Blue", "Retro",
"Ebony", "Isabelle"]
class Window(QWidget):
def __init__(self, graph, parent=None):
super().__init__(parent)
self._graph = graph
self._container = QWidget.createWindowContainer(self._graph, self,
Qt.Widget)
screen_size = self._graph.screen().size()
self._container.setMinimumSize(QSize(screen_size.width() / 2,
screen_size.height() / 1.6))
self._container.setMaximumSize(screen_size)
self._container.setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy.Expanding,
QSizePolicy.Expanding)
self._container.setFocusPolicy(Qt.StrongFocus)
h_layout = QHBoxLayout(self)
v_layout = QVBoxLayout()
h_layout.addWidget(self._container, 1)
h_layout.addLayout(v_layout)
v_layout.setAlignment(Qt.AlignTop)
model_group_box = QGroupBox("Model")
sqrt_sin_model_rb = QRadioButton(self)
sqrt_sin_model_rb.setText("Sqrt& Sin")
sqrt_sin_model_rb.setChecked(False)
height_map_model_rb = QRadioButton(self)
height_map_model_rb.setText("Height Map")
height_map_model_rb.setChecked(False)
model_vbox = QVBoxLayout()
model_vbox.addWidget(sqrt_sin_model_rb)
model_vbox.addWidget(height_map_model_rb)
model_group_box.setLayout(model_vbox)
selection_group_box = QGroupBox("Selection Mode")
mode_none_rb = QRadioButton(self)
mode_none_rb.setText("No selection")
mode_none_rb.setChecked(False)
mode_item_rb = QRadioButton(self)
mode_item_rb.setText("Item")
mode_item_rb.setChecked(False)
mode_slice_row_rb = QRadioButton(self)
mode_slice_row_rb.setText("Row Slice")
mode_slice_row_rb.setChecked(False)
mode_slice_column_rb = QRadioButton(self)
mode_slice_column_rb.setText("Column Slice")
mode_slice_column_rb.setChecked(False)
selection_vbox = QVBoxLayout()
selection_vbox.addWidget(mode_none_rb)
selection_vbox.addWidget(mode_item_rb)
selection_vbox.addWidget(mode_slice_row_rb)
selection_vbox.addWidget(mode_slice_column_rb)
selection_group_box.setLayout(selection_vbox)
axis_min_slider_x = QSlider(Qt.Horizontal, self)
axis_min_slider_x.setMinimum(0)
axis_min_slider_x.setTickInterval(1)
axis_min_slider_x.setEnabled(True)
axis_max_slider_x = QSlider(Qt.Horizontal, self)
axis_max_slider_x.setMinimum(1)
axis_max_slider_x.setTickInterval(1)
axis_max_slider_x.setEnabled(True)
axis_min_slider_z = QSlider(Qt.Horizontal, self)
axis_min_slider_z.setMinimum(0)
axis_min_slider_z.setTickInterval(1)
axis_min_slider_z.setEnabled(True)
axis_max_slider_z = QSlider(Qt.Horizontal, self)
axis_max_slider_z.setMinimum(1)
axis_max_slider_z.setTickInterval(1)
axis_max_slider_z.setEnabled(True)
theme_list = QComboBox(self)
theme_list.addItems(THEMES)
color_group_box = QGroupBox("Custom gradient")
gr_bto_y = QLinearGradient(0, 0, 1, 100)
gr_bto_y.setColorAt(1.0, Qt.black)
gr_bto_y.setColorAt(0.67, Qt.blue)
gr_bto_y.setColorAt(0.33, Qt.red)
gr_bto_y.setColorAt(0.0, Qt.yellow)
pm = QPixmap(24, 100)
pmp = QPainter(pm)
pmp.setBrush(QBrush(gr_bto_y))
pmp.setPen(Qt.NoPen)
pmp.drawRect(0, 0, 24, 100)
pmp.end()
gradient_bto_ypb = QPushButton(self)
gradient_bto_ypb.setIcon(QIcon(pm))
gradient_bto_ypb.setIconSize(QSize(24, 100))
gr_gto_r = QLinearGradient(0, 0, 1, 100)
gr_gto_r.setColorAt(1.0, Qt.darkGreen)
gr_gto_r.setColorAt(0.5, Qt.yellow)
gr_gto_r.setColorAt(0.2, Qt.red)
gr_gto_r.setColorAt(0.0, Qt.darkRed)
pmp.begin(pm)
pmp.setBrush(QBrush(gr_gto_r))
pmp.drawRect(0, 0, 24, 100)
pmp.end()
gradient_gto_rpb = QPushButton(self)
gradient_gto_rpb.setIcon(QIcon(pm))
gradient_gto_rpb.setIconSize(QSize(24, 100))
color_hbox = QHBoxLayout()
color_hbox.addWidget(gradient_bto_ypb)
color_hbox.addWidget(gradient_gto_rpb)
color_group_box.setLayout(color_hbox)
v_layout.addWidget(model_group_box)
v_layout.addWidget(selection_group_box)
v_layout.addWidget(QLabel("Column range"))
v_layout.addWidget(axis_min_slider_x)
v_layout.addWidget(axis_max_slider_x)
v_layout.addWidget(QLabel("Row range"))
v_layout.addWidget(axis_min_slider_z)
v_layout.addWidget(axis_max_slider_z)
v_layout.addWidget(QLabel("Theme"))
v_layout.addWidget(theme_list)
v_layout.addWidget(color_group_box)
self._modifier = SurfaceGraph(self._graph)
height_map_model_rb.toggled.connect(self._modifier.enable_height_map_model)
sqrt_sin_model_rb.toggled.connect(self._modifier.enable_sqrt_sin_model)
mode_none_rb.toggled.connect(self._modifier.toggle_mode_none)
mode_item_rb.toggled.connect(self._modifier.toggle_mode_item)
mode_slice_row_rb.toggled.connect(self._modifier.toggle_mode_slice_row)
mode_slice_column_rb.toggled.connect(self._modifier.toggle_mode_slice_column)
axis_min_slider_x.valueChanged.connect(self._modifier.adjust_xmin)
axis_max_slider_x.valueChanged.connect(self._modifier.adjust_xmax)
axis_min_slider_z.valueChanged.connect(self._modifier.adjust_zmin)
axis_max_slider_z.valueChanged.connect(self._modifier.adjust_zmax)
theme_list.currentIndexChanged[int].connect(self._modifier.change_theme)
gradient_bto_ypb.pressed.connect(self._modifier.set_black_to_yellow_gradient)
gradient_gto_rpb.pressed.connect(self._modifier.set_green_to_red_gradient)
self._modifier.set_axis_min_slider_x(axis_min_slider_x)
self._modifier.set_axis_max_slider_x(axis_max_slider_x)
self._modifier.set_axis_min_slider_z(axis_min_slider_z)
self._modifier.set_axis_max_slider_z(axis_max_slider_z)
sqrt_sin_model_rb.setChecked(True)
mode_item_rb.setChecked(True)
theme_list.setCurrentIndex(2)
if __name__ == "__main__":
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
graph = Q3DSurface()
if not graph.hasContext():
msg_box = QMessageBox()
msg_box.setText("Couldn't initialize the OpenGL context.")
msg_box.exec()
sys.exit(-1)
window = Window(graph)
window.setWindowTitle("Surface example")
window.show()
sys.exit(app.exec())
# Copyright (C) 2022 The Qt Company Ltd.
# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR BSD-3-Clause
import numpy as np
import math
from pathlib import Path
from PySide6.QtCore import (QAbstractTableModel, QByteArray, QModelIndex,
QObject, Qt, Slot)
from PySide6.QtDataVisualization import (Q3DTheme, QAbstract3DGraph,
QHeightMapSurfaceDataProxy,
QSurface3DSeries,
QItemModelSurfaceDataProxy,
QValue3DAxis)
from PySide6.QtGui import QImage, QLinearGradient
from PySide6.QtWidgets import QSlider
SAMPLE_COUNT_X = 50
SAMPLE_COUNT_Z = 50
HEIGHT_MAP_GRID_STEP_X = 6
HEIGHT_MAP_GRID_STEP_Z = 6
SAMPLE_MIN = -8.0
SAMPLE_MAX = 8.0
X_ROLE = Qt.UserRole + 1
Y_ROLE = Qt.UserRole + 2
Z_ROLE = Qt.UserRole + 3
class SqrtSinModel(QAbstractTableModel):
def __init__(self, parent=None):
super().__init__(parent)
self._x = np.zeros(SAMPLE_COUNT_X)
self._z = np.zeros(SAMPLE_COUNT_Z)
self._data = np.zeros((SAMPLE_COUNT_Z, SAMPLE_COUNT_X))
step_x = (SAMPLE_MAX - SAMPLE_MIN) / float(SAMPLE_COUNT_X - 1)
step_z = (SAMPLE_MAX - SAMPLE_MIN) / float(SAMPLE_COUNT_Z - 1)
for i in range(SAMPLE_COUNT_Z):
# Keep values within range bounds, since just adding step can cause
# minor drift due to the rounding errors.
z = min(SAMPLE_MAX, (i * step_z + SAMPLE_MIN))
self._z[i] = z
for j in range(SAMPLE_COUNT_X):
x = min(SAMPLE_MAX, (j * step_x + SAMPLE_MIN))
self._x[j] = x
R = math.sqrt(z * z + x * x) + 0.01
y = (math.sin(R) / R + 0.24) * 1.61
self._data[i, j] = y
def roleNames(self):
result = super().roleNames()
result[X_ROLE] = QByteArray(b"x")
result[Y_ROLE] = QByteArray(b"y")
result[Z_ROLE] = QByteArray(b"z")
return result
def rowCount(self, index=QModelIndex()):
return self._z.size
def columnCount(self, index=QModelIndex()):
return self._x.size
def data(self, index, role=Qt.DisplayRole):
row = index.row()
col = index.column()
if role == X_ROLE:
return float(self._x[col])
if role == Y_ROLE:
return float(self._data[row][col])
if role == Z_ROLE:
return float(self._z[row])
return 0.0
class SurfaceGraph(QObject):
def __init__(self, surface, parent=None):
super().__init__(parent)
self.m_graph = surface
self.m_graph.setAxisX(QValue3DAxis())
self.m_graph.setAxisY(QValue3DAxis())
self.m_graph.setAxisZ(QValue3DAxis())
self.m_sqrtSinModel = SqrtSinModel(self)
self.m_sqrtSinProxy = QItemModelSurfaceDataProxy(self.m_sqrtSinModel, self)
self.m_sqrtSinProxy.setUseModelCategories(True)
self.m_sqrtSinProxy.setXPosRole("x")
self.m_sqrtSinProxy.setYPosRole("y")
self.m_sqrtSinProxy.setZPosRole("z")
self.m_sqrtSinSeries = QSurface3DSeries(self.m_sqrtSinProxy)
image_file = Path(__file__).parent.parent / "surface" / "mountain.png"
height_map_image = QImage(image_file)
self.m_heightMapProxy = QHeightMapSurfaceDataProxy(height_map_image)
self.m_heightMapSeries = QSurface3DSeries(self.m_heightMapProxy)
self.m_heightMapSeries.setItemLabelFormat("(@xLabel, @zLabel): @yLabel")
self.m_heightMapProxy.setValueRanges(34.0, 40.0, 18.0, 24.0)
self.m_heightMapWidth = height_map_image.width()
self.m_heightMapHeight = height_map_image.height()
self.m_axisMinSliderX = QSlider()
self.m_axisMaxSliderX = QSlider()
self.m_axisMinSliderZ = QSlider()
self.m_axisMaxSliderZ = QSlider()
self.m_rangeMinX = 0.0
self.m_rangeMinZ = 0.0
self.m_stepX = 0.0
self.m_stepZ = 0.0
@Slot(bool)
def enable_sqrt_sin_model(self, enable):
if enable:
self.m_sqrtSinSeries.setDrawMode(QSurface3DSeries.DrawSurfaceAndWireframe)
self.m_sqrtSinSeries.setFlatShadingEnabled(True)
self.m_graph.axisX().setLabelFormat("%.2f")
self.m_graph.axisZ().setLabelFormat("%.2f")
self.m_graph.axisX().setRange(SAMPLE_MIN, SAMPLE_MAX)
self.m_graph.axisY().setRange(0.0, 2.0)
self.m_graph.axisZ().setRange(SAMPLE_MIN, SAMPLE_MAX)
self.m_graph.axisX().setLabelAutoRotation(30)
self.m_graph.axisY().setLabelAutoRotation(90)
self.m_graph.axisZ().setLabelAutoRotation(30)
self.m_graph.removeSeries(self.m_heightMapSeries)
self.m_graph.addSeries(self.m_sqrtSinSeries)
# Reset range sliders for Sqrt&Sin
self.m_rangeMinX = SAMPLE_MIN
self.m_rangeMinZ = SAMPLE_MIN
self.m_stepX = (SAMPLE_MAX - SAMPLE_MIN) / float(SAMPLE_COUNT_X - 1)
self.m_stepZ = (SAMPLE_MAX - SAMPLE_MIN) / float(SAMPLE_COUNT_Z - 1)
self.m_axisMinSliderX.setMaximum(SAMPLE_COUNT_X - 2)
self.m_axisMinSliderX.setValue(0)
self.m_axisMaxSliderX.setMaximum(SAMPLE_COUNT_X - 1)
self.m_axisMaxSliderX.setValue(SAMPLE_COUNT_X - 1)
self.m_axisMinSliderZ.setMaximum(SAMPLE_COUNT_Z - 2)
self.m_axisMinSliderZ.setValue(0)
self.m_axisMaxSliderZ.setMaximum(SAMPLE_COUNT_Z - 1)
self.m_axisMaxSliderZ.setValue(SAMPLE_COUNT_Z - 1)
@Slot(bool)
def enable_height_map_model(self, enable):
if enable:
self.m_heightMapSeries.setDrawMode(QSurface3DSeries.DrawSurface)
self.m_heightMapSeries.setFlatShadingEnabled(False)
self.m_graph.axisX().setLabelFormat("%.1f N")
self.m_graph.axisZ().setLabelFormat("%.1f E")
self.m_graph.axisX().setRange(34.0, 40.0)
self.m_graph.axisY().setAutoAdjustRange(True)
self.m_graph.axisZ().setRange(18.0, 24.0)
self.m_graph.axisX().setTitle("Latitude")
self.m_graph.axisY().setTitle("Height")
self.m_graph.axisZ().setTitle("Longitude")
self.m_graph.removeSeries(self.m_sqrtSinSeries)
self.m_graph.addSeries(self.m_heightMapSeries)
# Reset range sliders for height map
map_grid_count_x = self.m_heightMapWidth / HEIGHT_MAP_GRID_STEP_X
map_grid_count_z = self.m_heightMapHeight / HEIGHT_MAP_GRID_STEP_Z
self.m_rangeMinX = 34.0
self.m_rangeMinZ = 18.0
self.m_stepX = 6.0 / float(map_grid_count_x - 1)
self.m_stepZ = 6.0 / float(map_grid_count_z - 1)
self.m_axisMinSliderX.setMaximum(map_grid_count_x - 2)
self.m_axisMinSliderX.setValue(0)
self.m_axisMaxSliderX.setMaximum(map_grid_count_x - 1)
self.m_axisMaxSliderX.setValue(map_grid_count_x - 1)
self.m_axisMinSliderZ.setMaximum(map_grid_count_z - 2)
self.m_axisMinSliderZ.setValue(0)
self.m_axisMaxSliderZ.setMaximum(map_grid_count_z - 1)
self.m_axisMaxSliderZ.setValue(map_grid_count_z - 1)
@Slot(int)
def adjust_xmin(self, minimum):
min_x = self.m_stepX * float(minimum) + self.m_rangeMinX
maximum = self.m_axisMaxSliderX.value()
if minimum >= maximum:
maximum = minimum + 1
self.m_axisMaxSliderX.setValue(maximum)
max_x = self.m_stepX * maximum + self.m_rangeMinX
self.set_axis_xrange(min_x, max_x)
@Slot(int)
def adjust_xmax(self, maximum):
max_x = self.m_stepX * float(maximum) + self.m_rangeMinX
minimum = self.m_axisMinSliderX.value()
if maximum <= minimum:
minimum = maximum - 1
self.m_axisMinSliderX.setValue(minimum)
min_x = self.m_stepX * minimum + self.m_rangeMinX
self.set_axis_xrange(min_x, max_x)
@Slot(int)
def adjust_zmin(self, minimum):
min_z = self.m_stepZ * float(minimum) + self.m_rangeMinZ
maximum = self.m_axisMaxSliderZ.value()
if minimum >= maximum:
maximum = minimum + 1
self.m_axisMaxSliderZ.setValue(maximum)
max_z = self.m_stepZ * maximum + self.m_rangeMinZ
self.set_axis_zrange(min_z, max_z)
@Slot(int)
def adjust_zmax(self, maximum):
max_x = self.m_stepZ * float(maximum) + self.m_rangeMinZ
minimum = self.m_axisMinSliderZ.value()
if maximum <= minimum:
minimum = maximum - 1
self.m_axisMinSliderZ.setValue(minimum)
min_x = self.m_stepZ * minimum + self.m_rangeMinZ
self.set_axis_zrange(min_x, max_x)
def set_axis_xrange(self, minimum, maximum):
self.m_graph.axisX().setRange(minimum, maximum)
def set_axis_zrange(self, minimum, maximum):
self.m_graph.axisZ().setRange(minimum, maximum)
@Slot(int)
def change_theme(self, theme):
self.m_graph.activeTheme().setType(Q3DTheme.Theme(theme))
@Slot()
def set_black_to_yellow_gradient(self):
gr = QLinearGradient()
gr.setColorAt(0.0, Qt.black)
gr.setColorAt(0.33, Qt.blue)
gr.setColorAt(0.67, Qt.red)
gr.setColorAt(1.0, Qt.yellow)
series = self.m_graph.seriesList()[0]
series.setBaseGradient(gr)
series.setColorStyle(Q3DTheme.ColorStyleRangeGradient)
@Slot()
def set_green_to_red_gradient(self):
gr = QLinearGradient()
gr.setColorAt(0.0, Qt.darkGreen)
gr.setColorAt(0.5, Qt.yellow)
gr.setColorAt(0.8, Qt.red)
gr.setColorAt(1.0, Qt.darkRed)
series = self.m_graph.seriesList()[0]
series.setBaseGradient(gr)
series.setColorStyle(Q3DTheme.ColorStyleRangeGradient)
@Slot()
def toggle_mode_none(self):
self.m_graph.setSelectionMode(QAbstract3DGraph.SelectionNone)
@Slot()
def toggle_mode_item(self):
self.m_graph.setSelectionMode(QAbstract3DGraph.SelectionItem)
@Slot()
def toggle_mode_slice_row(self):
self.m_graph.setSelectionMode(
QAbstract3DGraph.SelectionItemAndRow | QAbstract3DGraph.SelectionSlice
)
@Slot()
def toggle_mode_slice_column(self):
self.m_graph.setSelectionMode(
QAbstract3DGraph.SelectionItemAndColumn | QAbstract3DGraph.SelectionSlice
)
def set_axis_min_slider_x(self, slider):
self.m_axisMinSliderX = slider
def set_axis_max_slider_x(self, slider):
self.m_axisMaxSliderX = slider
def set_axis_min_slider_z(self, slider):
self.m_axisMinSliderZ = slider
def set_axis_max_slider_z(self, slider):
self.m_axisMaxSliderZ = slider