表面示例#
使用Q3DSurface在窗口应用程序中。
表面示例显示如何使用Q3DSurface制作简单的3D表面图表，并结合小部件来调整多个可调整属性。本示例演示以下功能
如何设置基本的QSurfaceDataProxy并为其设置数据。
如何使用QHeightMapSurfaceDataProxy显示3D高度图。
三种不同的选择模式用于研究图表。
轴范围的使用用于显示图表的选定部分。
更改主题。
如何设置自定义表面渐变。
有关如何与图表交互的说明，请参阅本页。
# Copyright (C) 2022 The Qt Company Ltd.
# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR BSD-3-Clause
import sys
from PySide6.QtCore import QSize, Qt
from PySide6.QtDataVisualization import Q3DSurface
from PySide6.QtGui import QBrush, QIcon, QLinearGradient, QPainter, QPixmap
from PySide6.QtWidgets import (QApplication, QComboBox, QGroupBox, QHBoxLayout,
QLabel, QMessageBox, QPushButton, QRadioButton,
QSizePolicy, QSlider, QVBoxLayout, QWidget)
from surfacegraph import SurfaceGraph
THEMES = ["Qt", "Primary Colors", "Digia", "Stone Moss", "Army Blue", "Retro",
"Ebony", "Isabelle"]
class Window(QWidget):
def __init__(self, graph, parent=None):
super().__init__(parent)
self._graph = graph
self._container = QWidget.createWindowContainer(self._graph, self,
Qt.Widget)
screen_size = self._graph.screen().size()
self._container.setMinimumSize(QSize(screen_size.width() / 2,
screen_size.height() / 1.6))
self._container.setMaximumSize(screen_size)
self._container.setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy.Expanding,
QSizePolicy.Expanding)
self._container.setFocusPolicy(Qt.StrongFocus)
h_layout = QHBoxLayout(self)
v_layout = QVBoxLayout()
h_layout.addWidget(self._container, 1)
h_layout.addLayout(v_layout)
v_layout.setAlignment(Qt.AlignTop)
model_group_box = QGroupBox("Model")
sqrt_sin_model_rb = QRadioButton(self)
sqrt_sin_model_rb.setText("Sqrt& Sin")
sqrt_sin_model_rb.setChecked(False)
height_map_model_rb = QRadioButton(self)
height_map_model_rb.setText("Height Map")
height_map_model_rb.setChecked(False)
model_vbox = QVBoxLayout()
model_vbox.addWidget(sqrt_sin_model_rb)
model_vbox.addWidget(height_map_model_rb)
model_group_box.setLayout(model_vbox)
selection_group_box = QGroupBox("Selection Mode")
mode_none_rb = QRadioButton(self)
mode_none_rb.setText("No selection")
mode_none_rb.setChecked(False)
mode_item_rb = QRadioButton(self)
mode_item_rb.setText("Item")
mode_item_rb.setChecked(False)
mode_slice_row_rb = QRadioButton(self)
mode_slice_row_rb.setText("Row Slice")
mode_slice_row_rb.setChecked(False)
mode_slice_column_rb = QRadioButton(self)
mode_slice_column_rb.setText("Column Slice")
mode_slice_column_rb.setChecked(False)
selection_vbox = QVBoxLayout()
selection_vbox.addWidget(mode_none_rb)
selection_vbox.addWidget(mode_item_rb)
selection_vbox.addWidget(mode_slice_row_rb)
selection_vbox.addWidget(mode_slice_column_rb)
selection_group_box.setLayout(selection_vbox)
axis_min_slider_x = QSlider(Qt.Horizontal, self)
axis_min_slider_x.setMinimum(0)
axis_min_slider_x.setTickInterval(1)
axis_min_slider_x.setEnabled(True)
axis_max_slider_x = QSlider(Qt.Horizontal, self)
axis_max_slider_x.setMinimum(1)
axis_max_slider_x.setTickInterval(1)
axis_max_slider_x.setEnabled(True)
axis_min_slider_z = QSlider(Qt.Horizontal, self)
axis_min_slider_z.setMinimum(0)
axis_min_slider_z.setTickInterval(1)
axis_min_slider_z.setEnabled(True)
axis_max_slider_z = QSlider(Qt.Horizontal, self)
axis_max_slider_z.setMinimum(1)
axis_max_slider_z.setTickInterval(1)
axis_max_slider_z.setEnabled(True)
theme_list = QComboBox(self)
theme_list.addItems(THEMES)
color_group_box = QGroupBox("Custom gradient")
gr_bto_y = QLinearGradient(0, 0, 1, 100)
gr_bto_y.setColorAt(1.0, Qt.black)
gr_bto_y.setColorAt(0.67, Qt.blue)
gr_bto_y.setColorAt(0.33, Qt.red)
gr_bto_y.setColorAt(0.0, Qt.yellow)
pm = QPixmap(24, 100)
pmp = QPainter(pm)
pmp.setBrush(QBrush(gr_bto_y))
pmp.setPen(Qt.NoPen)
pmp.drawRect(0, 0, 24, 100)
pmp.end()
gradient_bto_ypb = QPushButton(self)
gradient_bto_ypb.setIcon(QIcon(pm))
gradient_bto_ypb.setIconSize(QSize(24, 100))
gr_gto_r = QLinearGradient(0, 0, 1, 100)
gr_gto_r.setColorAt(1.0, Qt.darkGreen)
gr_gto_r.setColorAt(0.5, Qt.yellow)
gr_gto_r.setColorAt(0.2, Qt.red)
gr_gto_r.setColorAt(0.0, Qt.darkRed)
pmp.begin(pm)
pmp.setBrush(QBrush(gr_gto_r))
pmp.drawRect(0, 0, 24, 100)
pmp.end()
gradient_gto_rpb = QPushButton(self)
gradient_gto_rpb.setIcon(QIcon(pm))
gradient_gto_rpb.setIconSize(QSize(24, 100))
color_hbox = QHBoxLayout()
color_hbox.addWidget(gradient_bto_ypb)
color_hbox.addWidget(gradient_gto_rpb)
color_group_box.setLayout(color_hbox)
v_layout.addWidget(model_group_box)
v_layout.addWidget(selection_group_box)
v_layout.addWidget(QLabel("Column range"))
v_layout.addWidget(axis_min_slider_x)
v_layout.addWidget(axis_max_slider_x)
v_layout.addWidget(QLabel("Row range"))
v_layout.addWidget(axis_min_slider_z)
v_layout.addWidget(axis_max_slider_z)
v_layout.addWidget(QLabel("Theme"))
v_layout.addWidget(theme_list)
v_layout.addWidget(color_group_box)
self._modifier = SurfaceGraph(self._graph)
height_map_model_rb.toggled.connect(self._modifier.enable_height_map_model)
sqrt_sin_model_rb.toggled.connect(self._modifier.enable_sqrt_sin_model)
mode_none_rb.toggled.connect(self._modifier.toggle_mode_none)
mode_item_rb.toggled.connect(self._modifier.toggle_mode_item)
mode_slice_row_rb.toggled.connect(self._modifier.toggle_mode_slice_row)
mode_slice_column_rb.toggled.connect(self._modifier.toggle_mode_slice_column)
axis_min_slider_x.valueChanged.connect(self._modifier.adjust_xmin)
axis_max_slider_x.valueChanged.connect(self._modifier.adjust_xmax)
axis_min_slider_z.valueChanged.connect(self._modifier.adjust_zmin)
axis_max_slider_z.valueChanged.connect(self._modifier.adjust_zmax)
theme_list.currentIndexChanged[int].connect(self._modifier.change_theme)
gradient_bto_ypb.pressed.connect(self._modifier.set_black_to_yellow_gradient)
gradient_gto_rpb.pressed.connect(self._modifier.set_green_to_red_gradient)
self._modifier.set_axis_min_slider_x(axis_min_slider_x)
self._modifier.set_axis_max_slider_x(axis_max_slider_x)
self._modifier.set_axis_min_slider_z(axis_min_slider_z)
self._modifier.set_axis_max_slider_z(axis_max_slider_z)
sqrt_sin_model_rb.setChecked(True)
mode_item_rb.setChecked(True)
theme_list.setCurrentIndex(2)
if __name__ == "__main__":
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
graph = Q3DSurface()
if not graph.hasContext():
msg_box = QMessageBox()
msg_box.setText("Couldn't initialize the OpenGL context.")
msg_box.exec()
sys.exit(-1)
window = Window(graph)
window.setWindowTitle("Surface example")
window.show()
sys.exit(app.exec())
# Copyright (C) 2022 The Qt Company Ltd.
# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR BSD-3-Clause
import math
from pathlib import Path
from PySide6.QtCore import QObject, Qt, Slot
from PySide6.QtDataVisualization import (Q3DTheme, QAbstract3DGraph,
QHeightMapSurfaceDataProxy,
QSurface3DSeries, QSurfaceDataItem,
QSurfaceDataProxy, QValue3DAxis)
from PySide6.QtGui import QImage, QLinearGradient, QVector3D
from PySide6.QtWidgets import QSlider
SAMPLE_COUNT_X = 50
SAMPLE_COUNT_Z = 50
HEIGHT_MAP_GRID_STEP_X = 6
HEIGHT_MAP_GRID_STEP_Z = 6
SAMPLE_MIN = -8.0
SAMPLE_MAX = 8.0
class SurfaceGraph(QObject):
def __init__(self, surface, parent=None):
super().__init__(parent)
self._graph = surface
self._graph.setAxisX(QValue3DAxis())
self._graph.setAxisY(QValue3DAxis())
self._graph.setAxisZ(QValue3DAxis())
self._sqrtSinProxy = QSurfaceDataProxy()
self._sqrtSinSeries = QSurface3DSeries(self._sqrtSinProxy)
self.fill_sqrt_sin_proxy()
image_file = Path(__file__).parent / "mountain.png"
height_map_image = QImage(image_file)
self._heightMapProxy = QHeightMapSurfaceDataProxy(height_map_image)
self._heightMapSeries = QSurface3DSeries(self._heightMapProxy)
self._heightMapSeries.setItemLabelFormat("(@xLabel, @zLabel): @yLabel")
self._heightMapProxy.setValueRanges(34.0, 40.0, 18.0, 24.0)
self._heightMapWidth = height_map_image.width()
self._heightMapHeight = height_map_image.height()
self._axisMinSliderX = QSlider()
self._axisMaxSliderX = QSlider()
self._axisMinSliderZ = QSlider()
self._axisMaxSliderZ = QSlider()
self._rangeMinX = 0.0
self._rangeMinZ = 0.0
self._stepX = 0.0
self._stepZ = 0.0
def fill_sqrt_sin_proxy(self):
step_x = (SAMPLE_MAX - SAMPLE_MIN) / float(SAMPLE_COUNT_X - 1)
step_z = (SAMPLE_MAX - SAMPLE_MIN) / float(SAMPLE_COUNT_Z - 1)
data_array = []
for i in range(SAMPLE_COUNT_Z):
new_row = []
# Keep values within range bounds, since just adding step can cause
# minor drift due to the rounding errors.
z = min(SAMPLE_MAX, (i * step_z + SAMPLE_MIN))
for j in range(SAMPLE_COUNT_X):
x = min(SAMPLE_MAX, (j * step_x + SAMPLE_MIN))
R = math.sqrt(z * z + x * x) + 0.01
y = (math.sin(R) / R + 0.24) * 1.61
new_row.append(QSurfaceDataItem(QVector3D(x, y, z)))
data_array.append(new_row)
self._sqrtSinProxy.resetArray(data_array)
@Slot(bool)
def enable_sqrt_sin_model(self, enable):
if enable:
self._sqrtSinSeries.setDrawMode(QSurface3DSeries.DrawSurfaceAndWireframe)
self._sqrtSinSeries.setFlatShadingEnabled(True)
self._graph.axisX().setLabelFormat("%.2f")
self._graph.axisZ().setLabelFormat("%.2f")
self._graph.axisX().setRange(SAMPLE_MIN, SAMPLE_MAX)
self._graph.axisY().setRange(0.0, 2.0)
self._graph.axisZ().setRange(SAMPLE_MIN, SAMPLE_MAX)
self._graph.axisX().setLabelAutoRotation(30)
self._graph.axisY().setLabelAutoRotation(90)
self._graph.axisZ().setLabelAutoRotation(30)
self._graph.removeSeries(self._heightMapSeries)
self._graph.addSeries(self._sqrtSinSeries)
# Reset range sliders for Sqrt&Sin
self._rangeMinX = SAMPLE_MIN
self._rangeMinZ = SAMPLE_MIN
self._stepX = (SAMPLE_MAX - SAMPLE_MIN) / float(SAMPLE_COUNT_X - 1)
self._stepZ = (SAMPLE_MAX - SAMPLE_MIN) / float(SAMPLE_COUNT_Z - 1)
self._axisMinSliderX.setMaximum(SAMPLE_COUNT_X - 2)
self._axisMinSliderX.setValue(0)
self._axisMaxSliderX.setMaximum(SAMPLE_COUNT_X - 1)
self._axisMaxSliderX.setValue(SAMPLE_COUNT_X - 1)
self._axisMinSliderZ.setMaximum(SAMPLE_COUNT_Z - 2)
self._axisMinSliderZ.setValue(0)
self._axisMaxSliderZ.setMaximum(SAMPLE_COUNT_Z - 1)
self._axisMaxSliderZ.setValue(SAMPLE_COUNT_Z - 1)
@Slot(bool)
def enable_height_map_model(self, enable):
if enable:
self._heightMapSeries.setDrawMode(QSurface3DSeries.DrawSurface)
self._heightMapSeries.setFlatShadingEnabled(False)
self._graph.axisX().setLabelFormat("%.1f N")
self._graph.axisZ().setLabelFormat("%.1f E")
self._graph.axisX().setRange(34.0, 40.0)
self._graph.axisY().setAutoAdjustRange(True)
self._graph.axisZ().setRange(18.0, 24.0)
self._graph.axisX().setTitle("Latitude")
self._graph.axisY().setTitle("Height")
self._graph.axisZ().setTitle("Longitude")
self._graph.removeSeries(self._sqrtSinSeries)
self._graph.addSeries(self._heightMapSeries)
# Reset range sliders for height map
map_grid_count_x = self._heightMapWidth / HEIGHT_MAP_GRID_STEP_X
map_grid_count_z = self._heightMapHeight / HEIGHT_MAP_GRID_STEP_Z
self._rangeMinX = 34.0
self._rangeMinZ = 18.0
self._stepX = 6.0 / float(map_grid_count_x - 1)
self._stepZ = 6.0 / float(map_grid_count_z - 1)
self._axisMinSliderX.setMaximum(map_grid_count_x - 2)
self._axisMinSliderX.setValue(0)
self._axisMaxSliderX.setMaximum(map_grid_count_x - 1)
self._axisMaxSliderX.setValue(map_grid_count_x - 1)
self._axisMinSliderZ.setMaximum(map_grid_count_z - 2)
self._axisMinSliderZ.setValue(0)
self._axisMaxSliderZ.setMaximum(map_grid_count_z - 1)
self._axisMaxSliderZ.setValue(map_grid_count_z - 1)
@Slot(int)
def adjust_xmin(self, minimum):
min_x = self._stepX * float(minimum) + self._rangeMinX
maximum = self._axisMaxSliderX.value()
if minimum >= maximum:
maximum = minimum + 1
self._axisMaxSliderX.setValue(maximum)
max_x = self._stepX * maximum + self._rangeMinX
self.set_axis_xrange(min_x, max_x)
@Slot(int)
def adjust_xmax(self, maximum):
max_x = self._stepX * float(maximum) + self._rangeMinX
minimum = self._axisMinSliderX.value()
if maximum <= minimum:
minimum = maximum - 1
self._axisMinSliderX.setValue(minimum)
min_x = self._stepX * minimum + self._rangeMinX
self.set_axis_xrange(min_x, max_x)
@Slot(int)
def adjust_zmin(self, minimum):
min_z = self._stepZ * float(minimum) + self._rangeMinZ
maximum = self._axisMaxSliderZ.value()
if minimum >= maximum:
maximum = minimum + 1
self._axisMaxSliderZ.setValue(maximum)
max_z = self._stepZ * maximum + self._rangeMinZ
self.set_axis_zrange(min_z, max_z)
@Slot(int)
def adjust_zmax(self, maximum):
max_x = self._stepZ * float(maximum) + self._rangeMinZ
minimum = self._axisMinSliderZ.value()
if maximum <= minimum:
minimum = maximum - 1
self._axisMinSliderZ.setValue(minimum)
min_x = self._stepZ * minimum + self._rangeMinZ
self.set_axis_zrange(min_x, max_x)
def set_axis_xrange(self, minimum, maximum):
self._graph.axisX().setRange(minimum, maximum)
def set_axis_zrange(self, minimum, maximum):
self._graph.axisZ().setRange(minimum, maximum)
@Slot(int)
def change_theme(self, theme):
self._graph.activeTheme().setType(Q3DTheme.Theme(theme))
@Slot()
def set_black_to_yellow_gradient(self):
gr = QLinearGradient()
gr.setColorAt(0.0, Qt.black)
gr.setColorAt(0.33, Qt.blue)
gr.setColorAt(0.67, Qt.red)
gr.setColorAt(1.0, Qt.yellow)
series = self._graph.seriesList()[0]
series.setBaseGradient(gr)
series.setColorStyle(Q3DTheme.ColorStyleRangeGradient)
@Slot()
def set_green_to_red_gradient(self):
gr = QLinearGradient()
gr.setColorAt(0.0, Qt.darkGreen)
gr.setColorAt(0.5, Qt.yellow)
gr.setColorAt(0.8, Qt.red)
gr.setColorAt(1.0, Qt.darkRed)
series = self._graph.seriesList()[0]
series.setBaseGradient(gr)
series.setColorStyle(Q3DTheme.ColorStyleRangeGradient)
@Slot()
def toggle_mode_none(self):
self._graph.setSelectionMode(QAbstract3DGraph.SelectionNone)
@Slot()
def toggle_mode_item(self):
self._graph.setSelectionMode(QAbstract3DGraph.SelectionItem)
@Slot()
def toggle_mode_slice_row(self):
self._graph.setSelectionMode(
QAbstract3DGraph.SelectionItemAndRow | QAbstract3DGraph.SelectionSlice
)
@Slot()
def toggle_mode_slice_column(self):
self._graph.setSelectionMode(
QAbstract3DGraph.SelectionItemAndColumn | QAbstract3DGraph.SelectionSlice
)
def set_axis_min_slider_x(self, slider):
self._axisMinSliderX = slider
def set_axis_max_slider_x(self, slider):
self._axisMaxSliderX = slider
def set_axis_min_slider_z(self, slider):
self._axisMinSliderZ = slider
def set_axis_max_slider_z(self, slider):
self._axisMaxSliderZ = slider