创建饼图拆分图

注意：这是 Charts with Widgets 馆例子的一个部分。

创建饼图拆分图

首先，让我们定义一些图表数据。

// Graph is based on data of 'Total consumption of energy increased by 10 per cent in 2010'
// Statistics Finland, 13 December 2011
// http://www.stat.fi/til/ekul/2010/ekul_2010_2011-12-13_tie_001_en.html

auto series1 = new QPieSeries;
series1->setName("Fossil fuels");
series1->append("Oil", 353295);
series1->append("Coal", 188500);
series1->append("Natural gas", 148680);
series1->append("Peat", 94545);

auto series2 = new QPieSeries;
series2->setName("Renewables");
series2->append("Wood fuels", 319663);
series2->append("Hydro power", 45875);
series2->append("Wind power", 1060);

auto series3 = new QPieSeries;
series3->setName("Others");
series3->append("Nuclear energy", 238789);
series3->append("Import energy", 37802);
series3->append("Other", 32441);

然后我们创建一个图表，我们将数据添加到其中。注意，这是我们自己的图表，它是从 QChart 派生的。

auto donutBreakdown = new DonutBreakdownChart;
donutBreakdown->setAnimationOptions(QChart::AllAnimations);
donutBreakdown->setTitle("Total consumption of energy in Finland 2010");
donutBreakdown->legend()->setAlignment(Qt::AlignRight);
donutBreakdown->addBreakdownSeries(series1, Qt::red);
donutBreakdown->addBreakdownSeries(series2, Qt::darkGreen);
donutBreakdown->addBreakdownSeries(series3, Qt::darkBlue);

我们的图表工作原理是：在构造函数中创建一个主系列，它聚合由拆分系列提供的数据。这是中心位置的饼图。

DonutBreakdownChart::DonutBreakdownChart(QGraphicsItem *parent, Qt::WindowFlags wFlags)
    : QChart(QChart::ChartTypeCartesian, parent, wFlags)
{
    // create the series for main center pie
    m_mainSeries = new QPieSeries;
    m_mainSeries->setPieSize(0.7);
    QChart::addSeries(m_mainSeries);
}

当添加拆分系列时，数据用于在主系列中创建一个切片，并且拆分系列本身用于创建一个带状图的段，使其与主系列中的相应切片对齐。

void DonutBreakdownChart::addBreakdownSeries(QPieSeries *breakdownSeries, QColor color)
{
    QFont font("Arial", 8);

    // add breakdown series as a slice to center pie
    auto mainSlice = new DonutBreakdownMainSlice(breakdownSeries);
    mainSlice->setName(breakdownSeries->name());
    mainSlice->setValue(breakdownSeries->sum());
    m_mainSeries->append(mainSlice);

    // customize the slice
    mainSlice->setBrush(color);
    mainSlice->setLabelVisible();
    mainSlice->setLabelColor(Qt::white);
    mainSlice->setLabelPosition(QPieSlice::LabelInsideHorizontal);
    mainSlice->setLabelFont(font);

    // position and customize the breakdown series
    breakdownSeries->setPieSize(0.8);
    breakdownSeries->setHoleSize(0.7);
    breakdownSeries->setLabelsVisible();
    const auto slices = breakdownSeries->slices();
    for (QPieSlice *slice : slices) {
        color = color.lighter(115);
        slice->setBrush(color);
        slice->setLabelFont(font);
    }

    // add the series to the chart
    QChart::addSeries(breakdownSeries);

    // recalculate breakdown donut segments
    recalculateAngles();

    // update customize legend markers
    updateLegendMarkers();
}

下面是如何计算环形段的起始角度和结束角度。

void DonutBreakdownChart::recalculateAngles()
{
    qreal angle = 0;
    const auto slices = m_mainSeries->slices();
    for (QPieSlice *slice : slices) {
        QPieSeries *breakdownSeries = qobject_cast<DonutBreakdownMainSlice *>(slice)->breakdownSeries();
        breakdownSeries->setPieStartAngle(angle);
        angle += slice->percentage() * 360.0; // full pie is 360.0
        breakdownSeries->setPieEndAngle(angle);
    }
}

图例标记已定制以显示拆分百分比。主级别切片的标记被隐藏。

void DonutBreakdownChart::updateLegendMarkers()
{
    // go through all markers
    const auto allseries = series();
    for (QAbstractSeries *series : allseries) {
        const auto markers = legend()->markers(series);
        for (QLegendMarker *marker : markers) {
            auto pieMarker = qobject_cast<QPieLegendMarker *>(marker);
            if (series == m_mainSeries) {
                // hide markers from main series
                pieMarker->setVisible(false);
            } else {
                // modify markers from breakdown series
                pieMarker->setLabel(QString("%1 %2%")
                                    .arg(pieMarker->slice()->label())
                                    .arg(pieMarker->slice()->percentage() * 100, 0, 'f', 2));
                pieMarker->setFont(QFont("Arial", 8));
            }
        }
    }
}

而是在主级别切片上显示标签上的百分比。

DonutBreakdownMainSlice::DonutBreakdownMainSlice(QPieSeries *breakdownSeries, QObject *parent)
    : QPieSlice(parent),
      m_breakdownSeries(breakdownSeries)
{
    connect(this, &DonutBreakdownMainSlice::percentageChanged,
            this, &DonutBreakdownMainSlice::updateLabel);
}
    ...
void DonutBreakdownMainSlice::updateLabel()
{
    setLabel(QString("%1 %2%").arg(m_name).arg(percentage() * 100, 0, 'f', 2));
}

现在我们已经定义了图表，我们可以最终创建一个 QChartView 并显示图表。

createDefaultChartView(donutBreakdown);