绘图示例#
绘图示例展示了如何使用不透明容器来显示基于数据生成的图表。
它使用QPainter.drawPolyline()
从点的列表中绘制正弦图。点的列表持续更新,例如示波器或医用患者监护器图表的示例。在这种情况下,从性能的角度来看,每次调用绘图函数QPainter.drawPolyline()
都避免将Python数据列表转换为一个C++列表(QList<QPoint>
)是有意义的。这就是不透明容器发挥作用的地方。
而不是Python点列表,一个QPointList
被实例化来存储数据。QPointList
是一个包装着QList<QPoint>
的不透明容器。它可以传递给QPainter.drawPolyline()
而不是Python点列表。
类型在《QtCore》库的类型系统文件中,针对QList
容器类型的条目声明
<container-type name="QList" type="list"
opaque-containers="int:QIntList;QPoint:QPointList;QPointF:QPointFList">
...
</container-type>
在shift()
成员函数中,新的数据被添加到列表中,同时从视口中移动出去的旧数据从列表的前端移除。
# Copyright (C) 2022 The Qt Company Ltd.
# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR BSD-3-Clause
import math
import sys
from PySide6.QtWidgets import QWidget, QApplication
from PySide6.QtCore import QPoint, QRect, QTimer, Qt
from PySide6.QtGui import QPainter, QPointList
WIDTH = 680
HEIGHT = 480
class PlotWidget(QWidget):
"""Illustrates the use of opaque containers. QPointList
wraps a C++ QList<QPoint> directly, removing the need to convert
a Python list in each call to QPainter.drawPolyline()."""
def __init__(self, parent=None):
super().__init__(parent)
self._timer = QTimer(self)
self._timer.setInterval(20)
self._timer.timeout.connect(self.shift)
self._points = QPointList()
self._points.reserve(WIDTH)
self._x = 0
self._delta_x = 0.05
self._half_height = HEIGHT / 2
self._factor = 0.8 * self._half_height
for i in range(WIDTH):
self._points.append(QPoint(i, self.next_point()))
self.setFixedSize(WIDTH, HEIGHT)
self._timer.start()
def next_point(self):
result = self._half_height - self._factor * math.sin(self._x)
self._x += self._delta_x
return result
def shift(self):
last_x = self._points[WIDTH - 1].x()
self._points.pop_front()
self._points.append(QPoint(last_x + 1, self.next_point()))
self.update()
def paintEvent(self, event):
with QPainter(self) as painter:
rect = QRect(QPoint(0, 0), self.size())
painter.fillRect(rect, Qt.white)
painter.translate(-self._points[0].x(), 0)
painter.drawPolyline(self._points)
if __name__ == "__main__":
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
w = PlotWidget()
w.show()
sys.exit(app.exec())